Lesson 44: Asthma
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📘 Lesson Summary
Asthma is a common condition that affects the airways, making it difficult to breathe.
During an asthma attack, the airways become narrowed, inflamed and filled with mucus, which can quickly become life-threatening if not treated.
⭐ What is Asthma?
Asthma causes the airways to:
- Tighten
- Become inflamed
- Produce excess mucus
This makes it harder for air to move in and out of the lungs.
⚠️ Recognition of an Asthma Attack
- Difficulty breathing
- Wheezing (whistling sound when breathing)
- Persistent coughing
- Shortness of breath
- Tightness in the chest
- Difficulty speaking full sentences
- Anxiety or distress
- Blue lips in severe cases
🩺 Treatment
- Sit the casualty upright
- Stay calm and reassure them
- Help them use their reliever inhaler (usually blue)
👉 Up to 10 puffs can be given if needed
🚨 Call 999/112 if:
- There is no improvement after 10 puffs
- The inhaler is not available
- The casualty is getting worse
- They are too breathless to speak or eat
- Lips turn blue
- You are unsure
⚠️ Important
- Continue giving one puff every 30–60 seconds until help arrives
- Do not leave the casualty alone
- Always monitor breathing
💡 Key Takeaways
- Asthma attacks can become life-threatening quickly
- Sit the casualty upright and keep them calm
- Use a reliever inhaler immediately
- Call emergency services if symptoms do not improve