Lesson 39: Heart Attack

🎬 Watch the Lesson Video

📘 Lesson Summary

A heart attack is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is suddenly blocked.

This blockage prevents oxygen from reaching the heart muscle, which can lead to permanent damage or death if not treated quickly.

In this lesson, you will learn how to recognise the signs of a heart attack and provide immediate first aid.

⭐ What is a Heart Attack?

A heart attack happens when a coronary artery becomes blocked, usually by a blood clot. This stops blood flow to the heart muscle. Without oxygen, the affected part of the heart begins to become damaged.

🔍 Recognition

Common signs and symptoms include:

  • Central chest pain or discomfort
  • Pain that may spread to the arm, neck, jaw, back, or shoulders
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sweating
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Dizziness or light-headedness
  • Heart palpitations

👉 The pain is often described as tight, heavy, or crushing and does not go away with rest.

⚠️ Key Differences from Angina

Unlike angina:

  • Pain lasts longer
  • It does not improve with rest or medication
  • Symptoms may be more severe or worsening

👉 Always treat as a heart attack if unsure.

🩺 First Aid Treatment

If you suspect a heart attack:

  • Call 999 / 112 immediately
  • Help the casualty into a comfortable seated position, such as the W position
  • Reassure them and keep them calm
  • Loosen any tight clothing

💊 Medication

If the casualty is not allergic and over 16 years old:

  • Allow them to slowly chew an aspirin (150–300 mg)

This can help thin the blood and improve survival

⚠️ Do not give aspirin if:

  • They are allergic
  • They have been advised not to take it

👀 Ongoing Care

  • Continuously monitor breathing and responsiveness
  • Do not leave the casualty alone

If the casualty becomes unconscious:

  • Check airway and breathing
  • Be prepared to start CPR immediately
  • Use an AED if available

🚨 When to Act

Call 999 / 112 immediately if:

  • Chest pain lasts more than a few minutes
  • It does not improve with rest or medication
  • It is worse or different from usual angina
  • The casualty becomes unwell, confused, or breathless
  • They become unresponsive

👉 Do not delay — early action saves lives

💡 Key Takeaways

  • A heart attack is a medical emergency
  • Recognise persistent chest pain and associated symptoms
  • Call emergency services immediately
  • Sit the casualty in a comfortable position
  • Give aspirin if appropriate
  • Be ready to start CPR and use an AED